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The relations among chronic environmental stressors, social support, and anxiety and depressive symptoms among urban, African American youth are unclear. In this study, we test theoretical models of support and examine the specifi...
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The relations among chronic environmental stressors, social support, and anxiety and depressive symptoms among urban, African American youth are unclear. In this study, we test theoretical models of support and examine the specific relations between community violence exposure and neighborhood disadvantage and three types of anxiety symptoms as well as depressive symptoms. Participants included 188 African American youth in Grades 5 through 8 from 2 low-income urban schools. Results suggest victimization and neighborhood disadvantage were most significantly associated with symptoms, and in the context of these stressors, parent support was associated with fewer fear and concentration and depressive symptoms. Parent and friend support buffered the effects of stressors on depressive symptoms. These findings contribute to the literature in terms of testing specific stressor-psychopathology relations and theory-based social support models with urban, at-risk youth. Implications for intervention are discussed.
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As the costs for designing, building, and operating accelerators, telescopes, satellites, and other big experimental facilities have grown, the nations that support basic research are turning increasingly to international partners...
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As the costs for designing, building, and operating accelerators, telescopes, satellites, and other big experimental facilities have grown, the nations that support basic research are turning increasingly to international partnerships to fund them. But what happens when the world’s largest supporter of R&D shirks its obligations to those projects?
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Part 2 of this series of two papers presents the applications of the discrete singular convolution (DSC) algorithm. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the utility, test the accuracy and examine the convergence of the pro...
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Part 2 of this series of two papers presents the applications of the discrete singular convolution (DSC) algorithm. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the utility, test the accuracy and examine the convergence of the proposed approach for the vibration analysis of rectangular plates with internal supports. Both partial internal line supports and complex internal supports are considered for 21 square plates of various combinations of edge support conditions. The effects of different size, shape and topology of the internal supports and different boundary conditions. The effects of different size, shape and topology of the internal supports and different boundary conditions on the vibration response of plates are investigated. The partial internal line supports may vary from a central point support to a full range of cross or diagonal line supports. Several closed-loop supports, such as ring, square and rhombus, and their combinations are studied for complex internal supports. Convergence and comparison studies are carried out to establish the correctness and accuracy of the DSC algorithm. The DSC results are compared with those in the available literature obtained by using other methods. Numerical results indicate that the DSC algorithm exhibits controllable accuracy for plate analysis and shows excellent flexibility in handling complex geometries, boundary conditions and support conditions.
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Science knows no international boundaries, but funding for support of scientific research is mostly provided by national organizations. This is particularly true for the chemical sciences, where most research projects are relative...
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Science knows no international boundaries, but funding for support of scientific research is mostly provided by national organizations. This is particularly true for the chemical sciences, where most research projects are relatively small—not the megaprojects characteristic of high energy physics, astronomy, space science, oceanography, ecological sciences, and biomedical research. In 2004, a group of representatives of organizations from several countries that support research in chemistry met under the auspices of IUPAC. They exchanged information and began discussions of the development of better mechanisms to encourage international research collaboration.
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The 7.8 magnitude earthquake that occurred in southern Turkey on February 6, 2023, has resulted in over 40,000 and 5,000 confirmed deaths in Turkey and Syria, respectively, including substantial infrastructure damage. While Turkey...
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The 7.8 magnitude earthquake that occurred in southern Turkey on February 6, 2023, has resulted in over 40,000 and 5,000 confirmed deaths in Turkey and Syria, respectively, including substantial infrastructure damage. While Turkey has received assistance from various countries and international organizations, the level of support Syria has received remains unclear. The Assad regime has demanded that aid be sent to the capital Damascus, but this may hinder the delivery of assistance to the areas most severely affected by the earthquake because the affected regions were mainly controlled by rebel forces. One of the biggest challenges in providing aid is accessing the affected region, as the earthquake occurred close to the border between Syria and Turkey, where roads and other infrastructure are poorly constructed. Furthermore, the northwest area of Syria shelters many internally displaced people, and more than 50% of medical facilities are not functioning due to the ongoing conflict, making the situation more hazardous. In light of the experience of the Great East Japan Earthquake, securing direct support routes and dispatching medical personnel to the affected areas is crucial for a gradual recovery from the disaster. Therefore, it is essential for the international community, including Japan, to negotiate with the Assad regime to expand direct support routes and provide support for the dispatch of medical personnel who will remain and work in the affected areas. Humanitarian assistance and political issues should be kept separate to avoid further hindrances to aid delivery.
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This study examined whether the impact of contextual-level socioeconomic disadvantage on adolescent mental health is contingent upon individual-level perceptions of social support. Data are from the National Longitudinal Study of ...
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This study examined whether the impact of contextual-level socioeconomic disadvantage on adolescent mental health is contingent upon individual-level perceptions of social support. Data are from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a panel survey of a nationally representative United States sample (analytic N=18,417) of students in 7th through 12th grade. Effects of social support and social context on both internalizing problems (depressive symptoms) and externalizing problems (minor delinquency and violent behavior) are analyzed. Contextual-level socioeconomic disadvantage is positively associated with depressive symptoms, negatively associated with minor delinquency, and not directly associated with violent behavior. High perceived support from family, friends, and other adults offsets poor mental health, but is most protective in areas of low socioeconomic disadvantage. The mental health benefits of perceived social support are dampened in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, compared to advantaged areas. Results suggest that interventions targeting only individual- or family-level processes within disadvantaged contexts may be inadequate at stemming psychological distress among adolescents.
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Background The diagnosis of malnutrition remains controversial. Furthermore, it is unknown if physician diagnosis of malnutrition impacts outcomes. We sought to compare outcomes of patients with physician diagnosed malnutrition to...
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Background The diagnosis of malnutrition remains controversial. Furthermore, it is unknown if physician diagnosis of malnutrition impacts outcomes. We sought to compare outcomes of patients with physician diagnosed malnutrition to patients recognized as malnourished by registered dietitians (RDs), but not physicians, and to describe the impact of each of 6 criteria on the diagnosis of malnutrition. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients identified as meeting criteria for malnutrition. Pediatric, psychiatric, maternity, and rehabilitation patients were excluded. Patient demographics, clinical data, malnutrition type and criteria, nutrition interventions, and outcomes were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Results RDs identified malnutrition for 291 admissions during our study period. This represents 4.1% of hospital discharges. Physicians only diagnosed malnutrition on 93 (32%) of these cases. Physicians diagnosed malnutrition in 43% of patients with a body mass index <18.5 but only 26% of patients with body mass index higher than 18.5. Patients with a physician diagnosis had a longer length of stay (mean 14.9 days vs 7.1 days) and were more likely to receive parenteral nutrition (PN) (20.4% vs 4.6%). Of the patients, 62% had malnutrition due to chronic illness. Of the 6 criteria used to identify malnourished patients, weight loss and reduced energy intake were the most common. Conclusions Malnutrition is underrecognized by physicians. However, further research is needed to determine if physician recognition and treatment of malnutrition can improve outcomes. The most important criteria for identifying malnourished patients in our cohort were weight loss and reduced energy intake.
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Objective: To identify risk and protective factors associated with greater emotional distress and suicide ideation among international college students. Participants: International students (n = 435) from two Midwestern and two So...
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Objective: To identify risk and protective factors associated with greater emotional distress and suicide ideation among international college students. Participants: International students (n = 435) from two Midwestern and two Southeastern universities in the US. Methods: Online surveys were administered that measured emotional distress, past-year suicide ideation, entrapment, cultural stress, family conflict, perfectionism, ethnic discrimination, interpersonal needs, ethnic identity, and cultural sanctions against suicide. Results: In final linear regression analyses, higher levels of entrapment, unmet interpersonal needs, and ethnic discrimination were significantly associated with increased emotional distress. Only unmet interpersonal needs remained significantly associated with greater past-year suicide ideation in a multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions: Clinicians working with international students and prevention programmers targeting this population should address students' perceptions of entrapment, ethnic discrimination, and especially unmet interpersonal needs in efforts to decrease or prevent students' feelings of emotional distress and suicide ideation.
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This paper explores the process through which institutional support initiatives contribute to the international performance of firms from the small open economy of Malaysia. We examine both direct and indirect causal effects of in...
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This paper explores the process through which institutional support initiatives contribute to the international performance of firms from the small open economy of Malaysia. We examine both direct and indirect causal effects of institutional support (informational, training, trade mobility and financial aid-related support) on internationalization. We develop a model to address how institutional support initiatives affect the performance of export-oriented or so-called born global firms. From a survey of 250 firms from Malaysia, an emerging Southeast Asian market, we find that government support initiatives do not have significant impacts on firm performance unless examined based on processes of government support initiatives, international knowledge, commitment, competitive capabilities, and international performance. Government support initiatives play a critical role in export-oriented firms from small open economies (SMOPECs) in emerging markets by contributing to a number of contextual deficits that determine the international performance of a firm. This study provides guidelines for policy makers and business owners on how institutional support can facilitate the accumulation of knowledge about international markets, enhance commitment to exports and help firms gain competitive capabilities in the export market for greater success in international markets.
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In the field of international retail research, there has been little attention paid to the role of business support organisations in the process of internationalisation. Given the barriers to foreign market expansion, the focus of...
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In the field of international retail research, there has been little attention paid to the role of business support organisations in the process of internationalisation. Given the barriers to foreign market expansion, the focus of this study is to investigate the importance of facilitating factors, in the form of business support organisations, which can assist retailers in the process of international expansion. A qualitative research methodology was employed and the findings provide evidence relating to three important areas: firstly, the types of business support programmes available to retailers seeking to internationalise from the UK, secondly, the barriers encountered by retail companies expanding overseas, and thirdly, how government and private organisations can assist in helping retailers overcome these hurdles.
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